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מה נשתנה ישראל מאברהם?

יד׳ ניסן התשפ״ה

ט״ז בכסלו ה׳תשפ״ד

שאלה:

אלחנן כהן

מדוע לאחר שקרא ה' לאברהם אבינו: "וְלֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם וְהָיָה שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָהָם" אומרת הגמ' בברכות: "כל הקורא לאברהם אברם עובר בעשה" ואילו ליעקב אבינו שבפרשה שלנו נאמר: "וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ אֱלֹהִים שִׁמְךָ יַעֲקֹב לֹא יִקָּרֵא שִׁמְךָ עוֹד יַעֲקֹב כִּי אִם יִשְׂרָאֵל יִהְיֶה שְׁמֶךָ", אנו ממשיכים לקרוא יעקב. אמנם ראיתי שהגמרא שם בברכות אכן שואלת את ומשיבה שהתורה המשיכה לקרוא לו כך. הייתי רוצה לשאול את פי הרבנים אם יש לכך הסבר, אולי פנימי, מה פשר ההבדל ששם השתנה השם ופה לא

תשובה:

רבני תורה שבכתב רבני תורה שבכתב

ט״ז בכסלו ה׳תשפ״ד

אכן האור החיים הקדוש אצלנו מסביר במהות השינוי בין 'אברהם' ל 'יעקב' כפי שהיטבת להציף בשאלתך המנומקת.
תורף דבריו הקדושים נוגעים לעניין שהשמות אינם רק כינויים בין בני אדם, אלא מרמזים על שמות הנפשות והם כינוי לכח הנשמות. ולכן כששינה הקב"ה את שמות האבות הק', הכוונה שהוסיף להם כוחות, אך הכוחות האלו מוספים על הכוחות הקודמים ולא שהשמות הקודמים נעקרים לגמרי. והנה ב 'אברהם' כלולים גם הכוחות של שם 'אברם', אך 'יעקב' אינו כלול ב 'ישראל'. על כן מוסיפים לקרוא ליעקב אבינו בשני השמות, כי כוחות שניהם בלולים בנשמתו.

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